European Parliament adopts controversial nature restoration law
In a groundbreaking move, the European Parliament approved a pioneering nature restoration law earlier this week, signaling a robust commitment to ecological rejuvenation. The legislation outlines a comprehensive plan to restore at least 20% of the European Union’s land and sea areas by 2030, with a more extensive target of rehabilitating all ecosystems in need by 2050. The move responds to a critical need, as over 80% of European habitats are currently in poor condition. The EU nature restoration law aligns with the Commission’s proposal from June 2022, reflecting the commitment to long-term recovery, climate goals, and international biodiversity frameworks.
Crafted in collaboration with member states, the EU nature restoration law aims not only to revive degraded ecosystems across the continent but also to contribute significantly to the EU’s climate and biodiversity objectives while bolstering food security.
To meet the overarching EU targets, member states are obligated to refurbish a minimum of 30% of habitats covered by the new law by 2030, escalating to 60% by 2040, and an ambitious 90% by 2050. The focus will span diverse landscapes, from forests, grasslands, and wetlands to rivers, lakes, and coral beds. Until 2030, EU countries are urged to prioritise Natura 2000 areas, and once restored, ensure that areas do not undergo significant deterioration. National restoration plans must be adopted by member states, delineating their strategies to achieve these ambitious targets.
Agricultural ecosystems are a focal point, with EU nations required to make progress in at least two of three indicators related to biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Furthermore, restoring drained peatlands is highlighted as a cost-effective measure to reduce emissions in the agricultural sector, with targets set for 2030, 2040, and 2050.
The legislation also calls for an emergency brake mechanism to suspend agricultural ecosystem targets under exceptional circumstances, ensuring adequate land for food production for EU consumption.
In addition to agricultural ecosystems, the law addresses other vital areas. Forest ecosystems must show positive trends in various indicators, and an additional three billion trees are slated to be planted. Measures to restore rivers into free-flowing states and to prevent a net loss of urban green space and tree canopy cover are also outlined.
Post the parliamentary vote, rapporteur César Luena hailed the occasion as a pivotal moment, emphasising the transition from merely protecting nature to actively restoring it: “Today is an important day for Europe, as we move from protecting and conserving nature to restoring it”. Luena acknowledged the role of scientists in providing crucial evidence and commended the dedication of young activists in pressing the urgency of environmental action.
The adopted deal, endorsed by 329 votes in favor, 275 against, and 24 abstentions, now awaits adoption by the Council. Upon publication in the EU Official Journal, the legislation will come into force 20 days later. The legislation is not only a significant step towards fulfilling international commitments but also promises substantial economic benefits, with every euro invested anticipated to yield at least 8 euros in benefits.